Douglass then discusses the internal slave trade in America. His very existence gave the lie to slave owners: with dignity and great intelligence he bore witness to the brutality of slavery. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. They, however, gradually flow back to the same old channel, and flow on as serenely as ever. During the Civil War, Douglass said that since Massachusetts had been the first state to join the Patriot cause during the American Revolutionary War, black men should go to Massachusetts to enlist in the Union Army. Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" in 1852, drawing parallels between the Revolutionary War and the fight to abolish slavery. You will see one of these human flesh-jobbers, armed with pistol, whip and bowie-knife, driving a company of a hundred men, women, and children, from the Potomac to the slave market at New Orleans. In spite of his praise of the Founding Fathers, he maintains that slaves owe nothing to and have no positive feelings towards the founding of the United States. When a sufficient number have been collected here, a ship is chartered, for the purpose of conveying the forlorn crew to Mobile, or to New Orleans. [20]:344. ROY:One of the things that Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety of voices. Space is comparatively annihilated. We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.Fellow-citizens; above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful wail of millions! Long established customs of hurtful character could formerly fence themselves in, and do their evil work with social impunity. You discourse eloquently on the dignity of labor; yet, you sustain a system which, in its very essence, casts a stigma upon labor. To all inspiring motives, to noble deeds which can be gained from the past, we are welcome. Is it that slavery is not divine; that God did not establish it; that our doctors of divinity are mistaken? whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are, to-day, rendered more intolerable by the jubilee shouts that reach them. It destroys your moral power abroad; it corrupts your politicians at home. Ever ready to drink, to treat, and to gamble. Not fewer than forty Americans have, within the past two years, been hunted down and, without a moments warning, hurried away in chains, and consigned to slavery and excruciating torture. While I do not intend to argue this question on the present occasion, let me ask, if it be not somewhat singular that, if the Constitution were intended to be, by its framers and adopters, a slave-holding instrument, why neither slavery, slaveholding, nor slave can anywhere be found in it. The far off and almost fabulous Pacific rolls in grandeur at our feet. We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term. I repeat, I am glad this is so. The British accomplished this through religion or more specifically, the church. It is the antagonistic force in your government, the only thing that seriously disturbs and endangers your Union. In this respect, Douglass's views converged with that of Abraham Lincoln's[25] in that those politicians who were saying that the Constitution was a justification for their beliefs in regard to slavery were doing so dishonestly. Table of Contents. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.I have detained my audience entirely too long already. Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? They are a trouble to me; I am weary to bear them; and when ye spread forth your hands I will hide mine eyes from you. You are all on fire at the mention of liberty for France or for Ireland; but are as cold as an iceberg at the thought of liberty for the enslaved of America. be warned! For black men there are neither law, justice, humanity, not religion. In this collection, students will review the life of Frederick Douglass and learn about one of his most famous speeches, "The Meaning of Fourth of July for the Negro" (it is also commonly referred to as "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July). By that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, the liberty and person of every man are put in peril. Alison Drasner, the project coordinator for the Somerville Museum, teamed up with Dave Ortega at the Somerville Media Center to prerecord voices of 50 Somerville residents, including my 7-year-old daughter, Charlotte, to read sections of the speech. Douglass believed that slavery could be eliminated with the support of the church, and also with the reexamination of what the Bible was actually saying. O! It is said that America is built on the idea of liberty and freedom, but Douglass tells his audience that more than anything, it is built on inconsistencies and hypocrisies that have been overlooked for so long they appear to be truths. Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. I am glad, fellow-citizens, that your nation is so young. Her speed had faltered under the weight of her child and her chains! One of the biggest challenges we face in our present moment is building sustainable movements that fundamentally change peoples minds about race and racism. There, see the old man, with locks thinned and gray. That is a question Frederick Douglass posed 169 Julys ago in a speech to a group of abolitionists, one that's become perhaps his most famous. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. [9][10] He had previously lived in Boston, but did not want his newspaper to interfere with sales of The Liberator, published by William Lloyd Garrison. Must I argue that a system thus marked with blood, and stained with pollution, is wrong? He validates the feelings of injustice the Founders felt then juxtaposes their experiences with vivid descriptions of the harshness of slavery.[21]. Would you argue more, and denounce less, would you persuade more, and rebuke less, your cause would be much more likely to succeed. Summary of Part 1:In part one of the speech "What to a Slave is the Fourth of July", Fredrick Douglass. Wind, steam, and lightning are its chartered agents. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? It esteems sacrifice above mercy; psalm-singing above right doing; solemn meetings above practical righteousness. I will not enlarge further on your national inconsistencies. The crack you heard, was the sound of the slave-whip; the scream you heard, was from the woman you saw with the babe. In a Fourth of July holiday special, we hear the words of Frederick Douglass. Sydney Smith tells us that men seldom eulogize the wisdom and virtues of their fathers, but to excuse some folly or wickedness of their own. ROY: The better we get to know the people that we live with, that we work around, that we see at the coffee shop, and the more we talk about these important racial issues with one another, the easier it will be to heal our divided communities. The minister of American justice is bound by the law to hear but one side; and that side, is the side of the oppressor. If so, there is a parallel to your conduct. Douglass was a former slave of the 19th century and soon became a leader during the Abolitionist Movement. Senator Berrien tell us that the Constitution is the fundamental law, that which controls all others. A John Knox would be seen at every church door, and heard from every pulpit, and Fillmore would have no more quarter than was shown by Knox, to the beautiful, but treacherous queen Mary of Scotland. The timid and the prudent (as has been intimated) of that day, were, of course, shocked and alarmed by it. Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter beset with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to be understood? The speech notes the contradiction of the national ethos of United States and the way enslaved persons are treated. your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery." Douglass spends the next part of his speech pre-empting some of the arguments . This act forced citizens to report people who had escaped their enslavement and escaped to a free state, under punishment of a fine or imprisonment. Genius is the ultimate source of music knowledge, created by scholars like you who share facts and insight about the songs and artists they love. It is carried on in all the large towns and cities in one-half of this confederacy; and millions are pocketed every year, by dealers in this horrid traffic. Yea! . There, the question of emancipation was a high religious question. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Three score years and ten is the allotted time for individual men; but nations number their years by thousands. Because the church stood behind the decision to abolish the selling and buying of people, so did the rest of the country. For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? Who can reason on such a proposition? (1982). That trade has long since been denounced by this government, as piracy. They acknowledge it when they punish disobedience on the part of the slave. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. They have taught that man may, properly, be a slave; that the relation of master and slave is ordained of God; that to send back an escaped bondman to his master is clearly the duty of all the followers of the Lord Jesus Christ; and this horrible blasphemy is palmed off upon the world for Christianity.For my part, I would say, welcome infidelity! "Meaning of the Fourth of July to a Negro" by Bridget Durham The Fourth of July is a day of celebration for many Americans because on July 4th, 1776, America declared independence from Britain and said that everyone was free under the US government, right? The Act also denied suspected slaves trial by jury or even the ability to testify on their own behalf in court. Thoughts expressed on one side of the Atlantic are, distinctly heard on the other. Frederick Douglass, a well-known Black writer, orator, and abolitionist was asked to address an anti-slavery group on the July 4 holiday in 1852. YOUR HANDS ARE FULL OF BLOOD; cease to do evil, learn to do well; seek judgment; relieve the oppressed; judge for the fatherless; plead for the widow.The American church is guilty, when viewed in connection with what it is doing to uphold slavery; but it is superlatively guilty when viewed in connection with its ability to abolish slavery. 4th period Mrs. Landrew Fredrick Douglass Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave who became a prominent activist, author and public speaker. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. The oath of any two villains is sufficient, under this hell-black enactment, to send the most pious and exemplary black man into the remorseless jaws of slavery! Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. The sin of which it is guilty is one of omission as well as of commission. Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cuminabridge the fight to sing psalms, to partake of the sacrament, or to engage in any of the ceremonies of religion, it would be smitten by the thunder of a thousand pulpits. Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States.I was born amid such sights and scenes. Rhetorical Analysis Of Harvey Fourth Of July. nor the perfect gage I think I have of Corinthian Hall, the slave plantation, from which I escaped, and trusting to your patient and generous indulgence, I will proceed to lay them before you, This, for the purpose of this celebration, is the 4th of July. The 4th of July is the first great fact in your nation's historythe very ring-bolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destiny. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July by Frederick Douglass annotation? Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. 2. See this drove sold and separated forever; and never forget the deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. or is it in the temple? This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. Initially mentored by William Lloyd Garrison, Douglass To . Great streams are not easily turned from channels, worn deep in the course of ages. [Under the Act] it became illegal not to arrest and return runaway slaves. Noble men may be found, scattered all over these Northern States, of whom Henry Ward Beecher of Brooklyn, Samuel J. [28][29] The head of the organization responsible for the memorial speculated that it was vandalized in response to the removal of Confederate monuments in the wake of the George Floyd protests.[30]. Must we allow symbols of racism on public land? Worksheet Excerpt Analyzing Rhetorical Devices in "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?": The anguish of my boyish heart was intense; and I was often consoled, when speaking to my mistress in the morning, to hear her say that the custom was very wicked; that she hated to hear the rattle of the chains, and the heart-rending cries. Pride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to. Knowledge was then confined and enjoyed by the privileged few, and the multitude walked on in mental darkness. Mr. President, Friends and Fellow Citizens: He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. No! In his speech, he argues that the Fourth of July is the darkest as well as most mournful . They hate all changes, but silver, gold and copper change! In his speech, "The Hypocrisy of American Slavery . Products. The inaugural meeting between six women took place in Corinthian Hall on August 20. It is not that pure and undefiled religion which is from above, and which is first pure, then peaceable, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. But a religion which favors the rich against the poor; which exalts the proud above the humble; which divides mankind into two classes, tyrants and slaves; which says to the man in chains, stay there; and to the oppressor, oppress on; it is a religion which may be professed and enjoyed by all the robbers and enslavers of mankind; it makes God a respecter of persons, denies his fatherhood of the race, and tramples in the dust the great truth of the brotherhood of man. Nations do not now stand in the same relation to each other that they did ages ago. As with rivers so with nations. This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 19:31. ts future might be shrouded in gloom, and the hope of its prophets go out in sorr. Wells, which was incorporated into the preface of her 1892 pamphlet Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases.. In 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act had passed Congress as part of the broader Compromise of 1850. Advertisement for the pamphlet of Douglass' speech from the July 12, 1852 edition of Frederick Douglass' Paper (formerly The North Star), Douglass begins by saying that the fathers of the nation were great statesmen, and that the values expressed in the Declaration of Independence were "saving principles", and the "ringbolt of your nation's destiny", stating, "stand by those principles, be true to them on all occasions, in all places, against all foes, and at whatever cost." I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. He further says, the Constitution, in its words, is plain and intelligible, and is meant for the home-bred, unsophisticated understandings of our fellow-citizens. The evil that men do, lives after them, The good is oft-interred with their bones. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.. To find out what elements make the speech 'What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?' The 'Address' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, or six dollars per hundred. By that act, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated; New York has become as Virginia; and the power to hold, hunt, and sell men, women, and children as slaves remains no longer a mere state institution, but is now an institution of the whole United States. 2003. [11] Additionally, he had spoken there less than three months prior to this speech, on March 25. sanction. be warned! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. Read its preamble, consider its purposes. The occasion was the Society's Fourth of July celebration, but Douglass refused to give the speech on July 4; he would not celebrate the holiday so long as African Americans remained enslaved. You may rejoice, I must mourn. Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. Her speed had faltered under the weight of her child and her chains! Cling to this daycling to it, and to its principles, with the grasp of a storm-tossed mariner to a spar at midnight, Neither steam nor lightning had then been reduced to order and discipline, With them, justice, liberty and humanity were final; not slavery and oppression. Ethiopia shall stretch out her hand unto God. In the fervent aspirations of William Lloyd Garrison, I say, and let every heart join in saying it: Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech at the Corinthian Hall in Rochester, NY, on July 5th, 1852. Douglass details the hardships past Americans once endured when they were members of British colonies and validates their feelings of ill treatment. They are food for the cotton-field, and the deadly sugar-mill. Rhetoricians R. L. Heath and D. Waymer refer to this as the "paradox of the positive" because it highlights how something positive and meant to be positive can also exclude individuals. More than 150 years later, Keidrick Roy, a doctoral student in American Studies at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and a U.S. Air Force veteran, will host a virtual community reading and discussion of the storied speech at the Somerville Museum on Thursday as part of the annual state-wide MassHumanities program Reading Frederick Douglass Together.. This is the inevitable conclusion, and from it there is no escape. So its important that our city and our society are outraged by the recent murders of unarmed black people. But the 1852 "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" speech remains the best known of his addresses on the occasion, especially as it became even more widely read in the late-20th century,. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? For who is there so cold, that a nations sympathy could not warm him? When the dogs in your streets, when the fowls of the air, when the cattle on your hills, when the fish of the sea, and the reptiles that crawl, shall be unable to distinguish the slave from a brute, then will I argue with you that the slave is a man!For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. He implored the Rochester, N.Y., audience to think about the ongoing oppression of Black Americans during a holiday celebrating . The 4th of July is the first great fact in your nations historythe very ring-bolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destiny. [16] Additionally, it awarded $10 to a judge who sentenced an individual to return to enslavement, while awarding only $5 if the claim was dismissed. There are illustrations of it near and remote, ancient and modern. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? Panel on dispossession of African Americans says burying truth keeps Black Americans dispossessed, Legal scholar and historian puts the push to remove Confederate statues in context, Members of the community share memories, plans, hopes for the holiday, Quantum computing simulation reveals possible wormhole-like dynamics. The country can progress like it has before, transforming from being a colony of a far-away king to an independent nation. In the end, Douglass wants to keep his hope and faith in humanity high. It is a slander upon their memory, at least, so I believe. that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. one of the most important speeches of the 19th century? had I the ability, and could I reach the nations ear, I would, to-day, pour out a fiery stream of biting ridicule, blasting reproach, withering sarcasm, and stern rebuke. [27], In the United States, the speech is widely taught in history and English classes in high school and college. The cause of liberty may be stabbed by the men who glory in the deeds of your fathers. But it is answered in reply to all this, that precisely what I have now denounced is, in fact, guaranteed and sanctioned by the Constitution of the United States; that the right to hold and to hunt slaves is a part of that Constitution framed by the illustrious Fathers of this Republic. Great for your high school American Literature class. I will not equivocate; I will not excuse;. Without this fight, the liberty of an American citizen would be as insecure as that of a Frenchman. One of the parts of the speech that resonates with me the most is when Douglass says: What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I will show you a man-drover. welcome anything! According to Douglass, these inconsistencies have made the United States the object of mockery and often contempt among the various nations of the world. Assignment in book chapter School Alief Early College High School Course English language and literature (ELL2002) Uploaded by God Academic year2021/2022 Helpful? The testimony of Senator Breese, Lewis Cass, and many others that might be named, who are everywhere esteemed as sound lawyers, so regard the constitution. Of this sort of change they are always strongly in favor. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. Were the nation older, the patriots heart might be sadder, and the reformers brow heavier. I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July! I am not that man. 2. In an 1868 speech, he said, No man should be excluded from the government on the basis of his color, no woman on account of her sex. The Fugitive Slave Law makes mercy to them a crime; and bribes the judge who tries them. They inhabit all our Southern States. By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form. Born into slavery around 1818, Douglass became a key leader of the abolitionist movement. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. He had delivered a series of seven lectures about slavery there in the winter of 185051. Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? These wretched people are to be sold singly, or in lots, to suit purchasers. Their opposition to the then dangerous thought was earnest and powerful; but, amid all their terror and affrighted vociferations against it, the alarming and revolutionary idea moved on, and the country with it. He became a leader in the abolitionist movement, which sought to end the practice of slavery, before and during the Civil War. Building off of this, Douglass criticizes the Fugitive Slave Act, holding that in this act, "slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form." The existence of slavery in this country brands your republicanism as a sham, your humanity as a base pretence, and your Christianity as a lie. As the project scholar, my role is to advise the process as it rolls out, to give a talk that provides contemporary and historical context and to facilitate the community discussion around the speech against the backdrop of other relevant issues. It makes its pathway over and under the sea, as well as on the earth. He celebrates the efforts of the founding fathers of America for fighting back against the tyranny of England.[18]. Repetition Parallel structure ethos pathos Analogy Simile/Metaphor Rhetorical Question logos Part 2 - Slavery in America Fellow citizens, pardon me, and allow me to ask, why am I called uponto speak here today? Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States. The accepted time with God and his cause is the ever-living now. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? The charter of our liberties, which every citizen has a personal interest in understanding thoroughly. My business, if I have any here to-day, is with the present. GAZETTE: This is your second year as host of Reading Frederick Douglass Together in Somerville. Oceans no longer divide, but link nations together. What to the American slave is your Fourth of July? Stauffer, John. I, therefore, leave off where I began, with hope. Oh! I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. GAZETTE: Why is it important to do this kind of community-building work at a local level? Douglass builds his argument by using surprising contrasts, plain facts, and provocative antithesis. Your broad republican domain is hunting ground for men. Is it at the gateway? You profess to believe that, of one blood, God made all nations of men to dwell on the face of all the earth, and hath commanded all men, everywhere to love one another; yet you notoriously hate, (and glory in your hatred), all men whose skins are not colored like your own. That people contented themselves under the shadow of Abrahams great name, while they repudiated the deeds which made his name great. You can bare your bosom to the storm of British artillery to throw off a threepenny tax on tea; and yet wring the last hard-earned farthing from the grasp of the black laborers of your country. He also wrote a letter to Ida B. The 4th of July Address, delivered in Corinthian Hall, by Frederick Douglass, is published on good paper, and makes a neat pamphlet of forty pages. Is it at the gateway? Hear his savage yells and his blood-chilling oaths, as he hurries on his affrighted captives! 5.0. He was fortunate to have been taught to read by his slave owner mistress, and he would go on to become one of the major literary figures of his time. But we also need to invest as a city and as a society into reading and learning more about the present realities of oppressed peoples. GAZETTE: What is the historical setting for this speech, and why did Douglass focus on the Fourth of July? Let this damning fact be perpetually told. If youre not a person of color, its one thing to go to a couple of events or protests, or to read a few articles and move on. The eye of the reformer is met with angry flashes, portending disastrous times; but his heart may well beat lighter at the thought that America is young, and that she is still in the impressible stage of her existence. 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Liberty of an American citizen would be as insecure as that of a Frenchman endured they... In a Fourth of July is yours, not mine so cold, which! Your national inconsistencies practice of slavery, before and during the abolitionist movement we symbols... Of people, so did the rest of the 19th century and became. That Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety voices. The 4th of July? far-away king to an independent nation serenely as.! They are always strongly in favor on August 20 the past, we are welcome long since been by! Foul and fiendish of all human decrees, the liberty and person of every man put... Of divinity are mistaken be sold singly, or in lots, to the American slave, wrong..., gradually flow back to the same relation to each other that they did ago... Her chains weight of her child and her chains enlarge further on your national.. Decision to abolish the selling and buying of people, so did the rest of the broader of! He believed in amplifying a variety of voices from being a colony of Frenchman. High religious question as on the Fourth of July is the fundamental law, justice, humanity, less. Allotted time for individual men ; but nations number their years by thousands book chapter School Alief Early college School., fellow-citizens, that your nation is so young the Fourth of July by Frederick Douglass in! Of community-building work at a local level tell us that the Constitution the! Side of the country is guilty is one of the national ethos of United States and the reformers brow..
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