In an indirect way, the Black Death led to the abolishment of the feudal system and more freedom for the. During the Renaissance period a disease was brought to Europe that is known as the Black Plague. The Elizabethan era was truly a dangerous time. Sailors on the ship were infected by this deadly disease, most were extremely ill, while many were already dead. The plague reached Europe through the sea in October 1348. Any victim of the Bubonic Plague or Black Death would have to obtain a ' Certificate of Health ' to resume normal life - if they recovered Information about the Role of the Watchmen and Death Cart LabourersWatchmen were allocated to watch the ' plague houses ' and the only means of sustenance was for the victims to lower baskets from an upper window for the watchman to put food into it. concerns or questions about your health, you should always consult with a physician or other The Black Death occurred during the Hundred Years War. It only took about twenty-three days from the point of infection for the plague to be fatal (Benedictow). The Elizabethan City of London was filthy. By the end of the fourteenth century, the Black Death killed nearly 60% of Europes population. But their gruesome job entitled them to receive a good supply of alcohol. There are two different forms of pneumonic pest. These "death ships" carried the plague that traveled across Europe, eventually reaching Great Britain. Workers were in high demand and the peasants knew it. A ship came from China that brought rats infested with fleas, carrying the plague to Sicily. Information about the Spread of the Black Death / Bubonic Plague in Elizabethan LondonIn 1563, in London alone, over 20,000 people died of the disease. Due to the fact that the serfs and peasants were poor, they barely ate meat. In England the rodent affected was the black rat, Rattus rattus. In the first episode of BBC historical drama Wolf Hall, based on Hilary Mantel's novel of the same name, Thomas Cromwell returns home to find his wife and two daughters have all died . It only took about twenty-three days from the point of infection for the plague to be fatal (Benedictow). For nearly the first two hundred years of the plagues endemic stay in England, the response was handled by monasteries and religious hospitals. Threats of imprisonment were made as encouragement to undertake these tasks and this consequence was suffered by anyone who refused the role. Finally in the 1600's people believed it had disappeared for good. There would have been no money coming into Theater companies and therefore no money for the Elizabethan actors. If it was spread by bacteria in the air, the incubation period was a mere one to three days. The first occurred during the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century and killed an estimated 25 million people. Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. Others, though, like swift quarantines and thorough record-keeping, have become staples of modern public health practice. Plague Pits were rapidly dug. Innumerable cows, sheep, pigs, goats, and chickens perished along with people. Plague's symptoms were horrible: fever, a racing pulse and breathlessness, followed by pain in the back and legs, thirst and stumbling. This kind of bacteria is typically found in rodents such as rats and also in the fleas that feed on the rodents. They also laid out a groundwork for an effective and coordinated response to the plague. To avoid contracting plague, physicians recommended various tinctures and cordials, either to be taken on their own or added to ones breakfast. The age of Shakespeare was a great time in English history. One of the reasons the Plague was so deadly is that it had such a short incubation period -- and was extremely contagious. Households with any infected members were to be quarantined until five weeks after the last sign of infection, and inns and alehouses where infections appeared were ordered to close. 1547 Repeal of 1542 Witchcraft during the reign of King Edward VI, the son of Henry VIII, who was more liberal in his thinking about witches and witchcraft. One thing is certain, however, as we examine the responses to disease of people living hundreds of years ago: Its not the end of the world. On 7 September, soldiers marching from England's north to embark on foreign campaigns were rerouted around the city due to concerns about infection, and by the 21st at least 35 parishes were infected with the plague. While everyone knows the plague was an awful way to die, not many people are aware of how truly horrendous the symptoms were. The third plague pandemic occurred later, in the middle of the 19th century and originated in Eastern Asia. Listen Now 1. The Globe Theatre was built between 1597 and 1599 in Southwark on the south bank of London's River Thames, funded by Richard Burbage and built by carpenter Peter Smith and his workers. No one was sure how the Death spread, and this combined with the fast course the disease took and the primitive medical practices of the time allowed for the disease to spread through the continent in devastating time. These rodents spread the Bubonic plague from China to Europe and lastly, it hit Britain in 1348. In this system, the lord owned the land in small communities, and the peasants living there farmed the land and gave him a portion of their crops as a form of payment. The monstrous disease seemed to spread evenly through the lightest of touches or through clothing. What caused the Bubonic plague in the Middle Ages? It was reintroduced shortly after the plague ended. For most people, contact with someone who had the Plague could lead to their own infection and death within the week. The Black Death was a very rough time and harmful, with the population dropping 1/3, having the economy being poor because of inflation, and people being afraid to walk to streets, The Black Death or what scientist call it The Bubonic Plague. Bloodletting and purgatives to help balance the humors were also favored tactics for Elizabethan doctors in the fight against the plague. During the late 1330s in Europe the population was growing dramatically. These pits were approximately 20 feet deep - the width of the pit would continue to be extended as the outbreak of the Bubonic plague (Black Death)spread. The red cross acted as a warning as there was a time when the victims of the illness were not carried away to be buried or burnt. Plague disease struck and killed people in no time, leaving behind decaying bodies and terrible fear in the minds of the healthy ones. By the end of the fourteenth century, the Black Death killed nearly 60% of Europes population. The people who gathered on the docks that was about to greet the ships met with a horrifying surprise: Most of the sailors aboard the ships were dead, and those who were still alive were gravely ill. Any pictures of Physicians of the Elizabethan era look very strange and quite frightening. Information about the Elizabethan Cure for the Black Death or the Bubonic PlagueIn the Elizabethan era various concoctions of herbs were given and used for the medical treatment of different parts of the body and the varying symptoms of the disease. As mentioned, modern populations are not out of the woods yet. The plague was similar to diseases today because it was not curable similar to Aids. Tasked with treating victims of the Black Death, plague doctors wore all-leather suits and beak-like masks to avoid catching the fatal disease. In response to this, the government passed the Statute of Labourers in 1351 that forced peasants to remain in their homelands and did not allow lords to change their wages from what they were in 1346. These symptoms could come on rapidly, making it very difficult to get treatment in time. Even though bubonic plague had existed earlier, namely in parts of Asia, its effects were never as widespread as when it reached Europe through popular trade routes during the mid 1300s. The relationship between the landowners and the peasants who worked in those lands suffered a great impact. Scholars and historians often refer to him being a part of the Elizabethan Era, the period of English history d uring the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, which lasted from 1558 - 1603, and was itself part of the larger Tudor Period. The bizarre and gruesome Physician masks would have acted as protection against contracting the disease through breathing the same air as the victim. Black Death was a plague epidemic that swept across Europe between 1348 and 1353, killing nearly 25 to 60% of the entire population of Europe. While it is true that the living conditions in Europe at this time were not ideal, this was not the real reason for the spread of the disease. What were the effects of the black death? Many serfs moved to cities and contributed to the rise in urbanization and industrialization. Some dissenters viewed quarantine as antithetical to Christian charity, arguing that the solution to such a judgment from God was not to separate but rather to come together in fellowship, sick and healthy alike. This manifested itself particularly in two ways. On a spiritual level, private prayer and penitence, promising to live uprightly if only God would lift his plague, was always a popular response. A consequence of continued outbreaks was that even old Plague Pits were re-opened. Popular medieval scholar Petrarch lost his lady love Laura to Black Death. Inadequate hygiene standards added to the problem and spread of the disease. Elizabeth had many lovers - MYTH. Amulets of dried blood and ground-up toads were worn at the waists of the Elizabethan Physicians. Loss of lives did decrease the population, changed the demographic structure of the region and hence, shortage of labour was seen as the major crisis there. In addition to this, lords advised peasants to leave their homelands during the epidemic to come work for them, but also refused to let them return to their original village. Each parish was commanded to appoint searchers to examine the bodies of the dead and determine how many had died of plague. They received higher wages for their labor. The Black Death was the deadliest epidemic of bubonic plague in history, wiping out some 25 million Europeans alone in just a few years. The same deadly labour shortage continued until a medieval Physician had the idea was that the disease would be better contained by not throwing the bodies into the streets and into the approximation of other people. Black Death, pandemic that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, taking a proportionately greater toll of life than any other known epidemic or war up to that time. (Cultural) Medieval society did not know what caused the plague or how it spread. It is clear that they believed that God would have mercy on them if they fled, or that the Plague would decline outside of the city walls. Initially spreading through rats and subsequently fleas, it killed at least one-third of the population of Europe and continued intermittently until the 18th century. The plague Orders did more than mandate quarantines, however. The Black Death Innumerable cows, sheep, pigs, goats, and chickens perished along with people. Owning the complete collection of Greys Anatomy may make someone feel like an expert of the medical field, but when it comes down to knowing the diseases that were common during other periods of time, that understanding seems to be very limited. As a response to the plague that took place. During the late 1330s in Europe the population was growing dramatically. Did the epidemic really eradicate a third of Europe's population? Amidst the consequences suffered by those carrying the disease, came the ramifications that those who were not directly affected experienced. People all over Europe believed that this black plague was airborne a disease and hence, were leaving their homes to take shelter in rural remote county sides. The huge loss of people and the colossal rate of casualty did affect the social construct as well. Aids started to spread Africa when the people ate chimpanzee just like how the people in England would eat infected food. By 1650, that number had soared to more than 5 million- the economy simply couldn't keep up. Rodents, fleas and plague-infected people showed up in the major. The disease was carried by rats & it caused fever, developed lesions, and death within a few days of having it. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, was a disease that devastated Medieval Europe, between 1346 and 1352 it killed 45 million people, wiping out a third of Europe's population. In the same year, in the month of August, the plague had entered England and the English named it as The Black Death. Soon after China, the outbreak of bubonic plague spread all over Europe and Western parts of Asia. In fact, it was not even the first. Thousands of years ago, a plague invaded the human world. The victim's skin turned black in patches and inflamed glands or 'buboes' in the groin, combined with compulsive vomiting, swollen tongue and splitting headaches made it a horrible, agonizing killer. A devastating outbreak of the Elizabethan plague occurred in 1563 claiming 80,000 people in England. Over time, the. 3,000 people died in Danzig and many again in Lbeck and other cities as the Sweat spread along the Baltic coast into Denmark, Scandinavia, and Russia. Today, we know that there were many causes of the Black Death. These occurred in 1593 , 1603 and 1608. The symptoms for this plague were extremely painful and death was the most likely outcome in most cases. One of the major killers during the time was disease. Globe Theatre Fact 1. For another, the instructions for the penitential fasting specified that only those between the ages of sixteen and sixty need fast, allowing children and the elderly to keep their strength, and exempted those already ill, a tacit recognition that skipping meals would only make the disease worse. Some also suffered "great dolor of head with heaviness,. A few ramifications were self-evident, such as trade, others were concealed within the fear that the population had lost so much already, they could no longer afford to lose anything else, whether that be dignity or pride. There were Elizabethan surgeons, but these had a similar reputation to the barbers and the usual route that most people took was to visit the apothecary, or dispenser of drugs. This action was tantamount to signing a death warrant for the whole family and one of the terrible consequences of the disease. A perfect vehicle for ensuring the spread of the disease in Elizabethan London. The summers and winters were harsh not helping with the crop harvesting. This may have contributed to the rise of capitalism. It was their custom to douse themselves with vinegar and chew angelica before approaching a victim. The citizens in Europe, at the time, were unaware of what the cause of the plague was, leading to many different responses. LinkedIn. The dead were to be buried in a secluded part of the graveyard at twilight, to minimize the chances of passersby contracting plague from the bodies. Such was the fear of plague that people started abandoning their sick family members and friends. Treatment for this dreaded disease during the Middle Ages was vague and clueless. Originating in Asia, it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony. Europeans had reacted in various ways towards the black plague like using it as a means to collect money, strengthen beliefs, & causing deaths. But the spread of the disease still continued Information about the Medical Profession during the Elizabethan eraThe Elizabethan churches administered to the Black Death (Bubonic Plague) victims but very little other help was given and food was rarely distributed. There were high mortality rates amongst Elizabethan children and this was true of the brothers and sisters of Shakespeare some of whom were struck down by the Bubonic plague (Black Death). Everyday people struggle with an illness. To support these quarantine measures, every infected community appointed officials both to provide food and essentials to the afflicted households, and also to make sure their residents stayed put. Shakespeare in the Elizabethan Era. The rats were merely carriers for the bacteria that caused the infection; a bacteria in the fleas that were hitching a ride in the rats. Although this might sound pointless today, these precautions would have protected the Elizabethan Physician. He also developed swollen limbs which became very painful. The impact of closure must have been extremely frightening, not to mention the threat of the Black Death ( Bubonic Plague ) itself. The rats then spread it to fleas that lived on their . This kind of bacteria is typically found in rodents such as rats and also in the fleas that feed on the rodents. William Shakespeare is recognised as one of the most talented writers in all of English History. Furthermore, the disease killed his son Hamnet at 11 years of age in 1596. Some historians however claim that the plague wiped out nearly 2/3rd of the entire European population. I. The disease also spread frighteningly quickly, wiping out entire villages before anyone could do anything to stop it. The Black Death is widely believed to have been the result of plague, caused by infection with the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The reign of Elizabeth I saw the . The Black Plague can be at fault for this horrific tragedy. That is not to say that the Elizabethans viewed plague as a purely spiritual matter, however, remedied only through spiritual means. As the disease was spread by rodents and fleas, it did lessen its ill effects in the winters but used to spread its arms in the summers and springs again. Plague victims were locked in their houses for 40. In the Elizabethan time, London became the center for all arts. In Europe there were many responses to the plague which included helping to stop and cure the plague, profiting off it, and trying to protect and care for their loved ones. One of the most terrifying black plague facts is that it killed 30 to 50 percent of infected victims back in the Black Death outbreak. The bubonic plague was important to the English culture because this disease affected many people in England. The Black Death spread extensively through Europe, affecting both nobility and peasants. After the Black Death, the main plague epidemics occurred in 1563, 1593, 1625 and 1665. However, the air was not the problem. In today people have way better medicines and doctors to be able to help cure illnesses. There was no known cure at the time, and the bacteria spread very quickly and would kill an infected person within two days, which led to structural public policies, religious, and medical changes in Europe. Many people at the time believed that the Plague was a result of the release of "bad air" from the ground, due to earthquakes nearby. It was a terrible spectacle and death followed suit.the Black death. It was no wonder that the Black Death or Bubonic Plague was so feared by the people of the Elizabethan era. The black trumpeter John Blanke played regularly at the courts of Henry VII and Henry VIII. Europe during the fifteen hundreds were a dangerous place; disease, famine, and violence all prevented the population of the era to live a long life. Men and women also abandoned their cities, houses, dwellings, relatives, property, and went abroad. The black plague or the bubonic death is a word we all are quite acquainted with as this quite clearly indicates death, epidemic, something horrifying and something that mirrors ominous facets. This greatly changed the traditional feudal system, which served to confine peasants to a certain piece of land. Black Death reigned terror till the mid 14th century. They had victims drink vinegar and crushed minerals, or even arsenic. The diet was mostly made of beer, milk, cheese and bread. The Black Death began its long, sweeping journey through Europe in 1348 (some reports say it was actually in October of 1347). The Flagellants Attempt to Repel the Black Death, 1349 "Each had in his right hand a scourge with three tails." Religious zealots of the Middle Ages resort to extreme measures in an attempt to thwart the onslaught of the Plague. The plague/Black Death first popped up the the 13th century. There was a total lack of a structured sewage system in Elizabethan London. The symptoms for this plague were extremely painful and death was the most likely outcome in most cases. Features of this era include hauntings, witch hangings, coin money, and class distinctions. Stopping the spread of the infection through the body is the first and paramount goal. It is both fascinating and grotesque, so it is no wonder people are still intrigued by it today. Once humans are infected with bubonic plague, it spreads very quickly infecting other people. Unfortunately, the Revolt did not immediately result in the end of serfdom, but was seen by the Whig historians as the beginning of the end of the feudal system (BBC Staff). This epidemic caused panic and distress among people of all classes. Around 25 million hoi polloi lost their lives between the years, 1347 and 1352.Black Plague. Bristol was an important European port and city in England during the Medieval era. Looking to physical health, many recommendations from Elizabethan doctors hinged on the theory that disease spread by way of a foul smelling miasma. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Workers were in high demand and the peasants knew it. cities of Europe to spread the killer disease across the continent. The Black Plague is said to have been the worst of the plagues, but it was the second of three large plague pandemics in history. The plague actually began in the Himalayan Mountains of southern Asia in the 1200s. Queen Elizabeth was terrified of the disease and implemented quarantine measures to try to ensure the safety of herself and her courtiers. This was not, however, the true beginning of the epidemic. In fact, it was not even the first. Imagine being in an unsanitary environment in the Elizabethan era not getting the help from doctors that people get today. Elizabethan Medicine was extremely basic in an era when terrible illnesses such as the Bubonic Plague (Black Death ) were killing nearly one third of the population. A ship had arrived in Europe with many people that had the Black Death. A frightening and swift end to life. The pathogens enter the lungs via blood vessels and provoke the septicaemic plague. information on this site as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, or Mary Stuart was the queen in Scotland. Do you want to advertise on Facty.com?Lets talk aboutthis! This site offers information designed for educational purposes only. Serfs were no longer tied to their previous plot of land. The bubonic plague was the most commonly seen form during the Black Death, with a mortality rate of 30-75% and symptoms including fever of 38 - 41 C (101-105 F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Known as the Plague of Justinian. Many such thieves were thrown into the pits, dead or alive, with their victims. It killed nearly 100,000 people and is said to still infect people today. The plague caused many to question their religious outlook, the lack of knowledge caused false cures to develop and affected the interactions throughout Europe. When she was a kid, she spent a lot of time in France. As a response to the plague that took place, The Black Death was one of, if not the most devastating pandemics to sweep the earth since. In the year of 1563 alone, 20,000 people had died in London, essentially wiping out over two-thirds of its population in a single year. History of Britain from Roman times to Restoration era. Even the animals could not escape its deathly hold. His academic interests include religion, superstition, conflict, and identity, and he is writing his masters thesis on the impact trying on armor has on what museum visitors learn in arms and armor galleries. Their jobs were clearly life-threatening and there was a high mortality rate. The plague attacked and kill around 25% and 45% of the societies it touch and/or encountered.The plague was made of three bacterial strains which created the three plagues called bubonic, pneumonic, and septimic. Nevertheless, it is illuminating to see the ways that these people over three hundred years ago grappled with the fear and uncertainty of virulent disease. It affected the armies of both the French and the English. Elizabethan farmers and retailers of farm produce, such as animal hides, were in constant danger of contracting the Bubonic plague (Black Death) and this was a deadly consequence of their job. Famously, Elizabeth lived and died as the 'Virgin Queen', resistant to being married off and obviously childless. Queen Elizabeth I also prohibited the import of foreign goods as a measure to prevent the spread of the disease to the Elizabethan court. 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